AI tools are aids for understanding/creating text, summarizing, paraphrasing, translating, proofreading, brainstorming, generating ideas, etc. If you are instructed by your supervisor to specify how you used an AI tool, you should not cite the AI as a reference, but rather inform about it in your assignment, in APA style if you are a bachelor's student.

Example 1:
In the assignment, I used GPT UiO (https://gpt.uio.no/) as a tool to create headings. I also used it to improve the linguistic precision of the text, not only to enhance the reader's experience but also for my own learning (see appendix). It is important to emphasize that GPT UiO was used as an aid, and all final formulations and interpretations are my own.
Example 2:
I asked ChatGPT (https://chat.openai.com) for an overview of angles on the topic "Sports and Sustainability". I received eight suggestions. I chose to work with suggestions 1 and 3 and modified and adapted them to my assignment (see appendix).

Use of direct quotes or paraphrasing from an AI tool:

Although definitions and academic explanations should primarily come from academic literature, there are instances where some choose to use content from an AI tool. If you choose to use a definition (direct quote) from AI, or have received help creating a figure, table, or image, the tool should be treated as a source and referenced in the text. Attach a screenshot of the conversation as an appendix since the supervisor may not receive the same response when asking the same question. Appendices should be placed after the reference list in the submission.

Direct quote: «The development of advanced language models has revolutionized natural language processing in recent years» (OpenAI, 2025, Appendix A, para. 2).

Paraphrase: According to OpenAI (2025), the last few years have been marked by a revolution in natural language processing, thanks to the development of advanced language models (Appendix A, para. 2).

Note!

If you ask an AI tool to rewrite a paragraph from a book for you, the AI tool is not the author. The source remains the work that contains the original information. When getting assistance from AI to rephrase for understanding a text, do not use AI's rephrasing, but rephrase it in your own words. Even though AI does not directly pull information from the internet or books, and the answers are unique, it may still be flagged as plagiarism if several students have requested the same and received similar answers from AI.

Warning: Do not use ChatGPT, Copilot or Gemini to "retrieve"/find source references!

AI tools like ChatGPT, Copilot and Gemini can provide you with source references that look real but are actually made up. Using such false references is considered serious cheating in academia.

You can use these AI tools to:

understand academic topics and concepts
get help with structure, language, and formulations

If you receive source references from an AI tool, you must always:

check if the source actually exists in OriaLinks to an external site. or academic databasesLinks to an external site.
read the original source yourself before referencing it. Even if AI provides author names, titles, and page numbers, there is no guarantee that the information is correct. There is a greater chance that it is not correct! You are responsible for verifying everything you refer to.